https://dspace.iiti.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16182 2026-05-12T17:10:30Z 2026-05-12T17:10:30Z Shrivastava, Arpit Kumar https://dspace.iiti.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17387 2026-04-28T12:12:39Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Editorial: Emerging mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions and immune responses Authors: Shrivastava, Arpit Kumar Abstract: [No abstract available]

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Shrivastava, Arpit Kumar https://dspace.iiti.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16189 2026-04-28T12:22:40Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Increased measles and rubella seroprevalence in children using residual blood samples from health facilities and household serosurveys after supplementary immunization activities in two districts in India Authors: Shrivastava, Arpit Kumar Abstract: Residual blood specimens provide a sample repository that could be analyzed to estimate and track changes in seroprevalence with fewer resources than household-based surveys. We conducted parallel facility and community-based cross-sectional serological surveys in two districts in India, Kanpur Nagar District, Uttar Pradesh, and Palghar District, Maharashtra, before and after a measles-rubella supplemental immunization activity (MR-SIA) from 2018 to 2019. Anonymized residual specimens from children 9 months to younger than 15 years of age were collected from public and private diagnostic laboratories and public hospitals and tested for IgG antibodies to measles and rubella viruses. Significant increases in seroprevalence were observed following the MR SIA using the facility-based specimens. Younger children whose specimens were tested at a public facility in Kanpur Nagar District had significantly lower rubella seroprevalence prior to the SIA compared to those attending a private hospital, but this difference was not observed following the SIA. Similar increases in rubella seroprevalence were observed in facility-based and community-based serosurveys following the MR SIA, but trends in measles seroprevalence were inconsistent between the two specimen sources. Despite challenges with representativeness and limited metadata, residual specimens can be useful in estimating seroprevalence and assessing trends through facility-based sentinel surveillance. � The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Shrivastava, Arpit Kumar https://dspace.iiti.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16183 2026-04-28T12:18:19Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The Role of Host Genetics in the Susceptibility, Severity, and Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Authors: Shrivastava, Arpit Kumar Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is the causative agent of COVID-19 disease. This virus emerged in China and spread quickly worldwide, responsible for nearly 596 million infections and 6.4 million deaths globally. The different variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 identified in different parts of the world are alarming for serious public health concerns. The VOCs place constraints on utilizing monoclonal antibodies to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has a spherical envelope and single-stranded positive-sense RNA. It primarily encodes four structural proteins (S, E, M, and N) and numerous non-structural proteins (NSPs). Numerous vaccines that target SARS-CoV-2 various SARS-CoV-2 sites have recently been developed, and more are in works. The concerns regarding the newly emerging virus strains are still very high. The latest scientific information on disease susceptibility suggests that multiple genetic factors are associated with COVID-9 disease severity. The genetic architect of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. The different VOCs contain various mutations and many of which are localized to the S protein. Mostly these mutations are responsible for the changes in viral behavior and pathogenesis. Several host genetic factors that are associated with illness susceptibility, severity, and immune response to SARS-CoV-2 have been covered in this book chapter.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z