https://dspace.iiti.ac.in/handle/123456789/3638 2026-10-23T23:25:37Z 2026-10-23T23:25:37Z Raut, Omkar Goyal, Sneha Batchu, Rishab Sai Saxena, Sakshi Kodgire, Prashant https://dspace.iiti.ac.in/handle/123456789/19497 2026-10-22T11:13:25Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Technological advancements in the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis A and E Authors: Raut, Omkar; Goyal, Sneha; Batchu, Rishab Sai; Saxena, Sakshi; Kodgire, Prashant Abstract: Viral hepatitis heavily burdens the global population, causing over 300 million annual cases across all types. Acute infections stem primarily from hepatitis A and E viruses. While their contribution to global mortality is relatively low, early diagnosis remains critical to prevent severe bodily complications. Current early diagnosis methods vary by detection technique, device, and underlying principle, but face major challenges. A primary obstacle is asymptomatic infection, which frequently produces false-negative results in conventional tests. Additionally, cross-reactivity with other liver inflammation biomarkers and familial antigens often hinders diagnostic accuracy. To overcome these limitations, novel technologies are emerging by modifying conventional approaches. Advanced techniques like qRT-PCR, modified CRISPR, and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) now target hepatitis A and E detection. Evaluating and comparing these innovative tools is essential to identify the most accurate and suitable method for early, reliable diagnosis. © 2026 Elsevier Inc.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Saini, Vaishali Sinha, Pramesh Jha, Hem Chandra https://dspace.iiti.ac.in/handle/123456789/19488 2026-10-22T11:13:24Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Pharmacological targeting of bunyavirus-induced synaptic impairment prevents neuronal hyperexcitability Authors: Saini, Vaishali; Sinha, Pramesh; Jha, Hem Chandra Abstract: Orthobunyaviruses are linked to a broad spectrum of neurological disorders. However, the molecular determinants governing bunyavirus neuropathogenesis remain poorly understood, precluding the identification of drugs able to alleviate virus-induced neuronal dysfunctions. Here, we show that the prevalent, yet neglected, orthobunyavirus Ťahyňa virus (TAHV) disrupts neuronal integrity and proteostasis in human cerebral organoids (hCO), significantly decreasing synaptic protein expression and density. Moreover, TAHV-induced synaptic remodeling is associated with perturbed local field potential in organotypic cultures of human post-mortem adult brain explants (OPAB) and higher expression of the metabotropic Glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in mice in the absence of overt neurological disease or neuroinflammation. Using proteome-based network medicine, we identified gabapentin as a therapeutic candidate that restores neurotransmitter receptor levels back to baseline in mice, and prevents TAHV-induced hyperexcitability in OPAB. Together, our data highlights the underappreciated neuropathological potential of a neglected orthobunyavirus, that interferes with neural integrity and neurotransmission, while neuromodulatory interventions may help to preserve cerebral functions. © The Author(s) 2026.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Chandra Jha, Hem https://dspace.iiti.ac.in/handle/123456789/19483 2026-10-22T11:13:24Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Mechanistic insights of molecular chaperone Hsp70: Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases Authors: Chandra Jha, Hem Abstract: Proper folding of a protein is essential for its diverse cellular functions. Improper protein folding may lead to the onset of various conformational diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Fortunately, multiple mechanisms maintain protein homeostasis in cells, where molecular chaperones perform critical functions. Chaperones are responsible for folding nascent proteins and directing aberrantly folded proteins for proteolytic clearance. Chaperones are considered the first defensive molecules against misfolded proteins. However, the identification of chaperones in disease-associated inclusion bodies signifies their involvement in the pathogenesis of neuronal degenerative diseases. Here, we highlight mechanistic insights into the role of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) molecular chaperones in several diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Furthermore, we explore the different Hsp70-based molecular mechanisms implicated in neurodegeneration. Comprehensive information on these molecular mechanisms can aid in the development of better chaperone-based therapeutic strategies. © 2025 The Authors.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Vyas, Tanmay (57704393300) Joshi, Abhijeet (56659954000) https://dspace.iiti.ac.in/handle/123456789/19446 2026-10-15T13:19:56Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Emerging Sensor Technology in the Environmental Domain Authors: Vyas, Tanmay (57704393300); Joshi, Abhijeet (56659954000) Abstract: Nowadays, increased environmental pollution h0as become one of the top concerns all over the globe due to its toxicity and hazardous effects on the Earth and ecosystem. The variety of agents from anthropogenic activities causes environmental pollution, such as heavy metals, organic dyes, VOCs, pesticides, etc., and they have potential adverse effects on humans, such as damage to the nervous system, respiratory system, nephrotoxic and oncogenic effects, etc. To overcome all these adverse effects, detection is a desirable stepping stone towards them. In the past, many classical techniques have been used as sensor technology or detection techniques for the detection of environmental pollutants, such as HPLC, AAS, XFS, etc. All these techniques are highly sensitive and sophisticated, and able to detect low concentrations of analytes, but have various disadvantages like complex instrumentation, high cost, etc. The disadvantages of the classical techniques indicate the requirement for new emerging sensortechniques, which have the potential to fulfill all these drawbacks along with portability and on-site detection ability with all desirable analytical parameters. This chapter illustrates that the emerging sensing technology for the environmental domain has been proven to provide significant gains over classical approaches, along with meeting the demands of quality and quantity of accessing equipment. © 2027 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.

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