Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Long-Term Sea Surface Winds over the Indian Summer Monsoon Region

Abstract

The study presents a thorough analysis of sea surface winds over the Indian summer monsoon region from 2000 to 2022, using climatology data. The research reveals distinct monthly and seasonal variations, providing critical insights into the dynamics of the Indian monsoon system. During the Southwest monsoon, the Bay of Bengal and the Western Arabian Sea experience extreme winds, reaching a peak speed of 14 m/s near Sonali, attributed to the Somali low-level jet streams, significantly influencing India's annual rainfall. Wind rose diagrams depict prevailing directions, emphasizing southeast-southwest during the pre-monsoon, Southwest during the monsoon, and southeast-east-northeast during the post-monsoon and winter. Furthermore, the probability density functions illustrate unique characteristics, with likely wind speeds of 4 m/s during the pre-monsoon and variability during the monsoon, reaching a likely speed of 7 m/s and a maximum of 12 m/s. Post-monsoon and winter exhibit moderate speeds (around 4 m/s and 5 m/s). These findings enhance our understanding of sea surface winds, especially their role in the Indian monsoon system. © 2024 IEEE.