Development of single-base resolution methods for sequencing of natural, mutated, and artificial DNA using DFT and machine learning

Abstract

DNA, a self-replicating hereditary molecule, is an elegant blueprint of life on earth that encodes a broad range of biological information and genetic instructions at the molecular level required for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of an organism.[1,2] The DNA encodes the genetic instructions in a four-letter code of nucleobases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).[3] Certain nucleobases, such as C, are often associated with mutations that can switch on/off gene expression related to various cancerous states.[4,5] Moreover, recent advancements have led to the synthesis of artificial DNA with expanded alphabets at the forefront of modern biology, offering new insights into extra-terrestrial life throughout the cosmos.