Green Smart Composter for Revolutionalizing Organic Waste Treatment

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of an economically viable smart composter. This smart composter is targeted to improve waste management in the rural setting. The system has a controller on RPM that ensures optimized aeration and decomposition. The mechanism of the corkscrew conveyor performs a very efficient turning of waste, and integrated sensors monitor carbon dioxide, water vapour, and ammonia volatilization in real time, which optimizes the composting process. Compared with conventional systems, this smart composter brings down the levels of odour and greenhouse gas emissions into a range that only competes at the top with 74 Tg of waste that would otherwise have been combusted in open conditions in India. The economic analysis method makes the system cost-effective, as its capital and operational expenditure are lower than other methods, such as windrow and static pile composting. It aligns with several of the Sustainable Development Goals, which include SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). The innovation can be a scalable solution that assures sustainable waste management for rural settings while also becoming an exemplary model for further applications of waste value chains, waste recycling technologies, and sustainable living solutions. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.