Impact of wave–current interaction on wave scattering by single and dual surface-piercing docks

Abstract

This paper investigates the influence of ocean currents on wave scattering by single and double surface-piercing docks. The boundary value problem is addressed using both an analytical solution via the eigenfunction expansion method and a numerical solution through the boundary element method. Wave reflection and transmission coefficients are independently evaluated for both single and dual dock configurations under various wave conditions and structural parameters. Additionally, the horizontal forces on the front and rear faces of the docks are examined under varying structural parameters, revealing that as the current velocity increases, the horizontal forces exerted on the docks also increase. The horizontal force acting on the second dock is found to be lower than that on the first dock in the long-wave region. It is also found that as the value of the current velocity increases, wave reflection becomes more pronounced while transmission diminishes. Additionally, wave reflection further escalates with increases in the height and width of the docks. Moreover, a higher wave propagation angle results in an increase in wave reflection, eventually leading to complete reflection. This study integrates the effects of breakwaters and ocean currents, with the goal of improving the effectiveness of coastal protection strategies. By understanding these combined effects, the study provides insights that can inform the design and implementation of more resilient coastal defenses, ultimately enhancing the safety and sustainability of coastal areas against erosion and damage in the future. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd