Graded comics and pedagogical translation for improving reading skills

Abstract

Despite rising literacy rates in India, reading skills have lagged behind especially among those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, a demographic that has historically struggled with reading. This study tests the potential of graded comics, combined with pedagogical translation, to enhance the reading skills of underprivileged young learners in India. It also looks at their reading preferences and habits. Over a month, students participated in 20 one-hour reading sessions. Data was collected through pretests, post-tests, teacher diaries, class transcripts, informal interviews, and reading preference questionnaires. Findings indicate that graded comics improve reading comprehension, build vocabulary, and cultivate an interest in reading. Additionally, pedagogical translation bridged comprehension gaps, made the text more accessible, reduced cognitive load, deepened engagement, and enhanced their understanding of meaning, syntax, and context while building reading confidence. The research highlights how the combination of graded readers, comics, and pedagogical translation can support early literacy development. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.