Finite size effect in Kuramoto oscillators with inertia on simplicial complex

Abstract

We investigate the finite-size effects of the dynamical evolution on the Kuramoto model with inertia coupled through triadic interactions. Our findings reveal that fluctuations resulting from the finite size drive the system toward a synchronized state at finite coupling, which contrasts with the analytical predictions in thermodynamic limit made for the same system. Building on the analytical calculations performed at the thermodynamic limit, we identify the origin of the synchronization transition that arises because of the finite size. We discover a power-law relationship between the network size and the critical coupling at which the first-order transition to synchronization occurs. Additionally, as inertia increases, there is a significant shift in the critical coupling toward higher values, indicating that inertia counteracts the effects caused by finite size. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.