Recent Progress in Electrocatalysts for Hydroquinone Electrochemical Sensing Application

Abstract

This review article compiled previous reports in the fabrication of hydroquinone (HQ) electrochemical sensors using differently modified electrodes. The electrode materials, which are also called electrocatalysts, play a crucial role in electrochemical detection of biomolecules and toxic substances. Metal oxides, MXenes, carbon-based materials such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), layered double hydroxides (LDH), metal sulfides, and hybrid composites were extensively utilized in the fabrication of HQ sensors. The electrochemical performance, including limit of detection, linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, stability, reproducibility, repeatability, and recovery for real-time sensing of the HQ sensors have been discussed. The limitations, challenges, and future directions are also discussed in the conclusion section. It is believed that the present review article may benefit researchers who are involved in the development of HQ sensors and catalyst preparation for electrochemical sensing of other toxic substances. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.