A Point-of-Care and IoT-enabled MoS2-Based Sensor for Uric Acid Detection in Human Serum

Abstract

There is an urgent requirement for a rapid, reliable, ultra-sensitive, and cost-effective portable solution to detect and quantify uric acid (UA) levels in human biological fluids (blood, urine, serum and saliva). In this work, we have developed a low-cost, portable internet of things (IoT) enabled UA sensor system that can efficiently measure lower, middle, and higher levels of UA concentration in real samples. It can effectively measure UA concentrations in the range of 100 μM to 1000 μM, with a sensitivity and limit of detection (LoD) of 8.51 mA/M and 0.3055 μM, respectively. A linear current variation in the range of 2.5 mA to 10.30 mA is observed for UA concentration varies from 100 μM to 1000 μM. Moreover, only a 5 μL sample solution is required to measure UA concentration in real sample. In addition, the developed electrochemical UA sensor system is highly selective toward UA when interacting with other chemical entities like ascorbic acid, glucose and folic acid. Developed IoT-enabled portable electrochemical UA sensor system consists of a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown molybdenum disulfide (MoS<inf>2</inf>) as a sensing layer on an interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) device, a current readout circuit, a Wi-Fi module, an Arduino board, and a liquid crystal display. Furthermore, our product can also allow users to track and monitor UA concentration levels in mg/dL or μmol/L on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis via an android mobile application. Additionally, the product will suggest necessary courses of action based on the measured UA concentration. This developed portable UA electrochemical sensor will have broad range of applications in the areas of healthcare diagnostics and biotechnological applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.