Sustainable Technique to Improve Strength of Desert Sand Using Biopolymers

Abstract

The study focuses on wind-induced sand erosion, particularly in India's Thar Desert, where approximately one-third of the land is affected. A sustainable technology is needed to counteract wind-induced sand erosion by enhancing the cohesion among sand grains. One way to reduce the impact of wind-generated erosion is by improving the integrity of the sand surface. Adopting sustainable measures to strengthen the soil against wind erosion is necessary. The present research aims to investigate the potential of nontoxic biopolymers, namely starches (potato, corn, and tapioca), in improving the strength of desert sand. Starches were used at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5% as stabilizing agents for 1 PV and 0.75 PV. Desert sand samples treated with biopolymer were analyzed in three replicates for a 28-day curing period. The biotreated sand samples were tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The study demonstrated that different starch biopolymers (corn starch-CS, potato starch-PS, and tapioco-TS) can effectively stabilize dune sand, although their performance varies slightly. Corn Starch (CS), with the highest UPV and UCS values, stands out as the most effective biopolymer. This process binds particles to mitigate erosion and contributes to developing sustainable land management practices in arid regions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.