Regulation of macrophage transcriptional dynamics during acute and chronic wound repair

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex and tightly controlled physiological process that involves various cell types, among which macrophages play a critical role in tissue repair and regeneration. Transcription regulators influence gene expression in macrophages at several phases of wound healing, such as hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This article explores the transcription factors that regulate the activity of macrophages during wound healing and help in ECM remodeling. Understanding how these transcription regulators coordinate macrophage actions in response to cellular and molecular stimuli is essential for determining the process behind acute and chronic healing. This review highlights the therapeutic interventions through modulating transcriptional activity to improve wound healing and resolve fibrosis in chronic wounds. Furthermore, this review also explores the roles of transcription factors in macrophages, suggesting valuable insights into innovative strategies to improve tissue regeneration in chronic or pathological conditions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.