Investigating the role of TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (Mal) in cancer progression

Abstract

TIRAP (Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein) is a key adaptor in the immune system that is associated with the activation of inflammatory responses through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Recent research indicates that TIRAP plays a dual role—supporting immune defense while also promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Its role in cancer progression varies widely depending on its level of expression. Wherein either ends of under and overexpression is implicated to hold some relation to cancer. A multitude of factors can influence its level of expression and gaining better understanding of these factors and signaling pathways affecting TIRAP expression can contribute to advancements in terms of finding new drug targets and in designing new diagnostic and prognostics.