Synthesis of nanomedicine for combating glaucoma

Abstract

Eye diseases such as glaucoma significantly impact the adult population. Glaucoma primarily impacts older adults, and is characterized by an increase in intra-ocular pressure due to the restricted drainage of aqueous humor, which leads to damage of the optic nerve. Delivering medication to the eye is difficult due to several barriers. In-situ gelling systems, applied topically, are increasingly popular in ocular treatments. These systems offer a promising way to improve how we treat various eye conditions. These challenges include the eye's natural defenses, such as tear production and blinking, which can quickly remove medications. Additionally, the cornea, the eye's outermost layer, is designed to prevent foreign substances from entering, further complicating drug absorption. Overcoming these obstacles is crucial for effective treatment. In-situ gelling systems are liquid formulations that turn into a gel once in contact with the eye. This transition is triggered by changes in pH, or the presence of ions in the tear fluid. The gel-like consistency helps the medication stay on the eye's surface longer, allowing for better absorption and more effective treatment.