Design and optimization of SAR ADC towards biomedical applications

Abstract

Biomedical signal processing plays a crucial role in the functionality and reliability of implantable medical devices, particularly pacemakers. Pacemakers are life-critical implantable biomedical devices that continuously monitor cardiac activity and deliver electrical stimulation to maintain normal heart rhythm. These are designed to monitor and regulate abnormal heart rhythms by analyzing physiological signals such as electrocardiograms (ECGs) in real-time. Their core architecture typically includes sensing electrodes, analog front-end circuits, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), digital control logic, and stimulation circuitry. Among these, the ADC is essential for accurately digitizing low-amplitude bio-signals such as ECGs for reliable signal processing and diagnosis.