Four, three and two coordinated Cu(I) complexes and their applications as electrochromic materials

Abstract

Over the past few decades, due to rapid population growth, the demand for optoelectronic devices has increased steadily. A crucial way to address the existing issue of the energy crisis is to figure out ways to conserve and reuse the same. The significant advancements have been achieved in the development of optoelectronic devices, driven by progress in materials science. The Cu(I) complexes have shown promising potential to substitute the traditional heavy transition metal complexes. Copper is earth-abundant, inexpensive, and capable of forming diverse coordination environments, ranging from tetrahedral, trigonal planar to linear geometries [1–4]. Additionally, the synthesis of Cu(I) complexes has been extensively explored due to their intriguing photophysical properties, such as tunable emission, high photoluminescence quantum yields and lifetimes, long-lived excited states, and less shelf quenching effects due to d10 electronic configuration [5–7]. Predominantly, these properties of Cu(I) complexes are subjected to extensive investigation owing to their real-world application in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs), biological sensors, catalysis in organic transformations, etc. [8,9].