Binary-Ternary Complex Oxide Nanoflower: Pulse Reverse Electrodeposited Electrode for Designing Supercapacitor Prototype

Abstract

Tailoring electrode materials’ architecture through deposition strategy is a critical route toward achieving materials with enhanced electrochemical performance for energy applications. Here, nanodimensional nickel cobaltite (NiCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>) - manganese oxide (MnO<inf>2</inf>) complex (NCMO) based electrodes, prepared using three distinct electrodeposition recipes, have been studied, and their electrochemical energy storage properties have been evaluated. Films prepared by constant electrodeposition (CED), pulse potential (PP), and pulse reverse potential (PRP) exhibit distinctly different morphologies and energy storage properties, with the PRP electrode showing the best performance. The CED mode yields a non-uniform film composed of large agglomerates, while PP produces a more homogeneous nano-flake structure. On the other hand, PRP mode results in a fully interconnected flake–flower-like nanostructured network. It delivers a high specific capacitance of 596 mF/cm2, outperforming the other two electrodes. An asymmetric supercapacitor device prepared using this electrode exhibits performance suitable for practical applications, retaining 92% of its capacitance over more than 4500 charge-discharge cycles. A prototype device could operate a multipurpose digital display for several minutes, underscoring its practical viability for usage in appliances. The study offers a recipe for designing and fabricating a solid-state supercapacitor for actual application as a next-generation energy storage system. © 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH.