Non-architectural assisted MXene and MOF materials for high-performance oil–water separation

Abstract

The separation of oil-water mixtures is crucial due to the complexity of wastewater and strict regulatory requirements. Traditional methods often struggle with emulsions and fouling. This review highlights advancements in MXene- and MOF-based materials for high-performance separation. These materials focus on surface chemistry, nanoscale transport, and interfacial interactions instead of complex structures. MXenes enable rapid water transport and repel oil, achieving high water fluxes and very high oil rejection rates. On the other hand, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) provide tunable pores, customizable surface chemistry, and catalytic functions that enhance selective separation, facilitate emulsion breakdown, and degrade foulants. Key mechanisms involved in these processes include size sieving, wettability, electrostatic interactions, and reactive self-cleaning. However, several challenges remain, including stability, scalability, and safety. This review discusses the relationships between structure and function, the mechanisms of separation, and strategies to develop durable, multifunctional materials for industrial wastewater treatment. © 2024