A Dual Frequency sub-6 GHz Leaky Dynamic Metasurface Antenna

Abstract

This work presents a dual frequency dynamic metasurface antenna (DMA). The proposed DMA features an array of hexagonal-shaped and square-shaped complementary electric inductive capacitive (cELC) resonators. The cELC unit cells are embedded in the top layer of a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW). The hexagonal-shaped cELC unit cells are arranged in a honeycomb formation and the square-shaped cELC unit cells are arranged in a straight line. P-i-n diodes are introduced to control the reactance of the unit cells to the wave propagating in the waveguide. The DMA can radiate at two different frequencies, i.e., 4.78 GHz and 5.7 GHz consequently. The overall beam coverage for the antenna is 160°. The antenna has an average gain of 3.23 dBi for 4.78 GHz operation and 5.3 dBi for 5.7 GHz operation. The antenna's performance has been validated through full-wave simulations. With its wide beam coverage and frequency agility, the antenna can be used as a sensing component and can be integrated with reflective intelligent surfaces (RIS). © 2025 IEEE.