High Gain Dual-Band mm-Wave MIMO Antenna Array for Wireless Body Area Networks

Abstract

This paper presents a dual-band, two-port millimeter wave (mm-wave) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna array geometry for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) loaded antenna design operates at 28.2 and 38.8 GHz covering both popular mm-wave bands (n 257 and n 260) of 5G technology. The reported antenna array provides high gain (>10 dB), good isolation (>20 dB), and a broadside radiation pattern. The loading of CSRR onto the patch design leads to the dual-band operation as well as attaining the miniaturization with an overall dimension of 0.21 λ0 × 0.53 λ0 × 0.028 λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength at 28 GHz. Owing to its unidirectional radiation pattern, the antenna reports a low spatial power density value and stable antenna performance characteristics while placed on a three-layer human body model and can be safely used for WBAN applications. Finally, the antenna prototype is fabricated and the measured results conform to the simulated responses, confirming the suggested concepts. © 2025 IEEE.