Graphitic Carbon Nitride Enabled Photocatalytic Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones

Abstract

We report a sustainable and metal free approach for the benzylation of phthalimide derivatives using readily available (hetero)aryl acetic acids via a decarboxylative, visible-light-induced photooxidation process catalyzed by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and afforded the desired benzylated products in excellent yields within a reaction time of 5–6 h. The methodology features a broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance, accommodating diverse (hetero)aryl and phthalimide derivatives. Importantly, this protocol avoids the use of transition metals and harsh oxidants, operates under mild conditions, and benefits from the recyclability of the heterogeneous photocatalyst, making it an efficient and environmentally benign strategy for C-C bond formation. © 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH.