A Compact Quad-Port MIMO-Based 5G mm-Wave Antenna for V2X Connectivity

Abstract

This article presents a compact quad port MIMO antenna working in a 5G millimeter wave for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity. The proposed design addresses challenges in achieving high isolation and radiation efficiency in compact multi-port configurations. The antenna achieves a wide input impedance bandwidth of 50% (21.5–32.3 GHz) with an excellent gain of 8.9 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 93%. An isolation of over 25 dB is achieved in the entire operating band through the strategically modified ground structure. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) value is less than 0.0001, which indicates minimal signal interference and strong diversity performance. This innovative design offers reliable and effective communication, making it suitable for V2X applications in 5G networks. © 2026 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.