Synchronization transitions in Kuramoto oscillators with mixed interactions

Abstract

The Kuramoto model is a paradigmatic system for emergent synchronization phenomena, and significant efforts have been made to investigate its transition from incoherent to coherent dynamics. However, previous studies have almost exclusively assumed global coupling between the oscillators, even though many real-world systems are organized in specific network structures. Here, we fill this gap by examining finite-size effects in Kuramoto oscillator ensembles on networks with mixed-order interactions. Using numerical simulations, we show how parameters such as the size of the system, the average degree of the nodes and the strength of the interactions alter the behaviour of the transition to synchronization with respect to the known theoretical results that are derived for globally coupled infinite systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026.