Hunting Very High-energy-emitting (>100 GeV) High-synchrotron-peaked Blazars

Abstract

Very high-energy (VHE

>100 GeV) γ-ray emission originates via some of the most extreme particle acceleration processes in the Universe. Considering beamed active galactic nuclei, i.e., blazars, only a small fraction, mainly high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects, have been detected in the VHE band with ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. We utilized ∼16 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations in the 0.1−2 TeV energy range to systematically search for potential VHE emitters in a sample of high-synchrotron-peaked ( (Formula presented) νsynpeak>1015 Hz) BL Lac sources. We identified, for the first time, 92 VHE-emitting blazars at a ≥5σ confidence level. A significant VHE emission was also detected from 52 sources previously reported as VHE blazars. Comparing with the general blazar population, these VHE-emitting blazars are found to be located at low redshifts (mean z = 0.2 ± 0.1) and exhibit bright synchrotron emission ( (Formula presented) logFsynpeak=−11.2±0.4[jls-end-space/], in erg cm−2 s−1). We also investigated the coincidence of VHE photon arrivals with the source activity states and found that Fermi-LAT has detected VHE photons during both quiescent and elevated activity epochs. These VHE-emitting blazars represent promising targets for current and next-generation ground-based Cherenkov telescopes, and provide powerful laboratories for probing particle acceleration in relativistic jets, testing multimessenger connections, and constraining extragalactic background light models. © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.