Structural, opto-electronic, electrical and photo sensing properties of Al-Li co-doped NiO and Mn doped ZnTiO3

Abstract

From precious stones to fundamental scientific interests, oxides have been a major part in the research field of chemistry, physics, material science, electronics, electrical engineering, etc. Transition metal oxides demonstrate a diverse range of exotic characters which includes high-TC superconductivity, ferromagnetism, gas sensing, magnetoresistance, magnetocapacitance Keeping exotic features of simple and complex oxides in mind, we have focused on the study of transition metal and multifunctional oxides. There are approximately more than 100 elements, and every element has a unique electronic configuration, which is determined by its 3-D electron distribution, atomic number (Z) and energies. These elements can be categorized as metallic, gaseous, or nonmetallic solids. Therefore, each element is alloyed with other elements and forms new materials. These are classified as metals, semiconductors, ceramics, and polymers. Each class has its distinct properties, i.e., in metals, delocalized electrons provide the force that holds the positive ions together and the bonding is metallic. In semiconductors, strong covalent bonds are formed between atoms (e.g., Si, Ge, GaAs, CdTe, and InP). Polymers consist of different organic atoms and molecules attached with very long C-based chains. Ceramics are solid compounds that are made by sintering. Due to their versatile properties, they really are used in a wide range of uses, e.g., electronic and manufacturing industries [1], [2]. Keeping exotic features of simple and complex oxides in mind, we have focused on the study of transition metal and multifunctional ilmenite oxides.