Enzyme-based biosensors

Abstract

Advancements in technology have led to analytical sophistication and development of highly sensitive instrumentation for detection of analytes in all sectors of life, like health, environment, food, polymer, dyes, security, etc. Biosensors have emerged as exciting players to bring similar or improved sensitivity and selectivity in a portable and easy-to-use form. Biomolecules like enzymes have always impressed researchers due to their specific activities toward substrates and their capability to be inhibited using substrate analogs. Enzyme-based biosensors form essential tools for detection of analytes with minimal interference in a complex system. The current chapter reviews different methodologies and techniques of how enzymes can be used for detection of analytes using various transducing mechanisms. It also discusses different factors to be considered for enzyme immobilization, stabilization, carriers used, and applications generated from these enzyme-based biosensors. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.