THz Image Processing and Its Applications

Abstract

This chapter labels the recent advances of terahertz (THz or 1012 Hz) technology-based image processing and its applications. In short, the sandwiched regime between infrared and microwaves, bridging the gap amid optics and electronics is renowned as the THz. THz image processing deals with the interaction of matters in the sub-millimetre wavelength band (ca. 300 GHz to 3 THz) of a distinct electromagnetic spectrum indistinguishable from the other spectroscopic techniques. The THz regime also known as the “THz gap” for a long time as neither microwave nor optical devices could entirely subjugator this mysterious realm with its countless unseen scientific assets. Thus, the discovery of THz imaging techniques becomes successful to fill the gap. In general, the traditional THz technology can simultaneously acquire both image and spectral information to address various fields such as security, aerospace industries, medicine, materials science, biomedical imaging and others. The development and commercialization of THz imaging systems are now broadly accepted as the accessible alternative roots, such as electron lasers, Smith-Pur-cell emitters, backward wave oscillators, synchrotrons, are relatively expensive components. Therefore, THz image processing tries to find the solution through its generation, manipulation and detection of THz radiation to expand its usability as check-up tool for various imaging applications. For example, higher sensitivity of THz wave is convenient to investigate the specific behaviour of bio-molecules. In addition, advanced digital image processing algorithms in association with THz pulsed imaging (TPI) are effective for screening, diagnosis and treatment to examine the 3D structures of biological samples like cancer tumours. Apart from that, THz spectrum might not only impact wireless network architectures (e.g. WLAN/WPAN/D2D) or security screening but also in aerospace industries using diode detectors through non-ionizing radiation. In contrast to X-rays, THz wave is completely harmless that can pass through clothing, objects and packages to recognize the inside materials and substances. At a glance, THz imaging along with detection technology contributes to identify opaque objects with clear borders, shaping this book a must-read for anybody in the arena of digital imaging and biomedical engineering. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.