Point-of-Care Biosensors for Glucose Sensing

Abstract

Glucose is the primary energy source in humans that circulates in the blood and provides energy to the entire body. A change in the blood glucose level leads to various disorders, like hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. The alterations in blood sugar levels outside the normal range are among the most prominent issues faced globally. Almost 48% of the world population suffer from an abnormal level of glucose. Blood glucose monitoring is the most straightforward tool to monitor and maintain the glucose levels in the blood. Various technologies are being used for glucose sensing and monitoring. However, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is the most desirable way for achieving this objective. Glucose monitoring conventionally has been done using complicated biochemical procedures which needed more time and were less accurate, precise, and lower in the range covered. However, it is challenging to monitor glucose levels in real-time, continuously and preferably in a non-invasive manner. Over many decades, newer investigations and methods have been realized which focus on robustness, real-time monitoring of glucose with low detection limit, high accuracy, and miniaturization in the form of biosensors. Point-of-care (POC) devices have come to light which are believed to be simpler to use, less costly, and possess lower turnaround time. Such systems are advantageous owing to the possibility of self-detection and monitoring. This chapter highlights the advancements in point-of-care devices for glucose detection and using them to address the challenges of highly prevalent disorders in a user-friendly manner. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.