A GEANT4 based simulation framework for the large area muon telescope of the GRAPES-3 experiment

Abstract

The GRAPES-3 experiment located in Ooty, India, samples the electron and muon components in extensive air showers using an array of plastic scintillator detectors and a muon telescope (G3MT) consisting of proportional counters to study the composition of primary cosmic rays (PCRs) as well as γ-ray sources in the TeV-PeV energy range. The G3MT is designed with an appropriate mass absorber to shield the electromagnetic and hadronic components in the shower and to detect muons above 1 GeV×sec(θ) energy, incident from a zenith angle θ. We developed a simulation framework based on the GEANT4 toolkit to evaluate the response of shower particles such as muons, γ-rays, electrons and hadrons in the G3MT. We discuss the geometric modeling of the G3MT using GEANT4 starting with the proportional counter. We estimated the punch-through contribution of hadrons in the G3MT. We compare the simulated muon multiplicity distributions with the observed ones assuming PCR composition from a four population supernova remnant acceleration model namely H4a. © 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab.