Dynamic boronate esters cross-linked guanosine hydrogels: A promising biomaterial for emergent applications

Abstract

Over the last few decades, dynamic covalent chemistry has been successfully employed to develop smart functional self-assembled soft materials with ubiquitous properties. Boronic acids have the ability to form dynamic covalent bonds with cis-diols and the dynamic boronate esters-cross-linked hydrogels provide stability and stimuli responsive behavior in the systems. Similarly, the cis-diol containing nucleoside guanosine (G) has the tendency to form dynamic boronate esters-cross-linked hydrogels. The current review highlights last eight years development on the guanosine-boronate esters based functional hydrogels and illustrates their properties, stability and applications in biomedical fields. At first, the structure based design and structure to gelation property upon crosslinking with boronic acids are discussed in this review. In this current review, we aim to spotlight the importance, interest, potential applications and perspectives of the guanosine-boronate ester-cross-linked innovative and emerging hydrogels and hope to provide adequate ideas to the researchers for developing new functional hydrogels derived from such boronic acid and guanosine building blocks for different biomedical applications. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.