Role of Supramolecules in Vaccine Development

Abstract

Biological substance(s) which generate immunity against a particular disease are called vaccines. They diminish the risks of getting a disease by working with the natural defence system of a person to build the protective environment. Typically, a vaccine is made up of weaker or killed form of the disease-causing agent or its toxins or surface proteins

however, there are some random side effects that may arise with them. Advanced vaccines also contain one or more types of adjuvants which enhance its efficacy by improving the humoral as well as cell-mediated immune responses. Vaccine provides a successful as well as cost-effective way to prevent a disease. The routine health vaccination starts soon after birth and continues to adulthood in a time-dependent manner, while the vaccine protection is less effective in the older peoples. Injection is the most common way used for vaccination, but oral and nasal vaccines are also now available to cure various life-threatening diseases. With the advancement of scientific knowledge, some self-assembled materials also called supramolecules show huge potential and efficacy for the development of novel vaccines. This chapter comprises the various applications of supramolecules in the designing of a novel vaccine with the improved delivery path and efficacy along with the possible reduction in unpredictable side effects. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.