River pollution in India: exploring regulatory and remedial paths

Abstract

India’s rivers are essential for providing fresh water for human sustenance, but their water quality has deteriorated due to pollution from industrial waste, domestic sewage, agricultural runoff, and more. Parameters such as physical, chemical, biological, and intended use criteria are used to assess water quality. Water quality monitoring is crucial for preserving freshwater resources and human health, and integrating IoT and AI has revolutionized environmental monitoring. However, India faces challenges in accessing remote locations for monitoring and a lack of manpower. To address these challenges, real-time monitoring systems and remote sensing technologies should be implemented, and wastewater treatment facilities should be upgraded. Public awareness campaigns on responsible consumption and waste disposal practices are also needed. Strengthening and enforcing regulatory measures to limit pollutant discharge and addressing deforestation and improper land use practices are essential. A comprehensive law on environmental protection is necessary for meaningful enforcement and responsibility within society. By addressing these challenges and adopting innovative solutions, India can safeguard its water resources and ensure a sustainable future. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.