Development of a model for battery management system (BMS)

Abstract

This thesis explores the profound transformation of the automotive industry, focusing on the shift from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles (EVs) due to environmental and economic pressures. Historically, the internal combustion engine, invented by Karl Benz in the late 1880s, spurred a century of automotive innovation and mobility. In the mid-20th century, the number of vehicles grew rapidly, resulting in higher oil consumption and notable environmental consequences, such as air pollution and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. In response to the dual crises of global warming and oil dependency, the late 20th and early 21st centuries marked a critical turning point. Governments implemented carbon taxes to incentivize reduced emissions, accelerating the adoption of EVs. Advances in lithium-ion battery technology furthered this transition, offering the promise of zero-emission transportation. Central to EV efficiency is the development of sophisticated battery management systems (BMS), particularly in cell balancing. This thesis focuses on passive cell balancing using resistors, chosen for its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and reliability. Passive balancing equalizes the voltage levels of individual cells by dissipating excess energy as heat.