Recent Progress in Lead Free Tin-Halide Perovskite Materials Based Solar Cells via SCAPS Based Numerical Simulation

Abstract

Energy demand has dramatically increased globally, posing a serious risk of future energy crises. While various energy sources have been utilized, solar energy has emerged as the most promising renewable option, convertible to electrical energy via solar cells. Among the developed solar cells, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently received significant attentions due to their simple fabrication, high performance, and cost-effectiveness. In particular, lead (Pb) halide-based PSCs have achieved the highest power conversion efficiency. However, despite their excellent performance, Pb halide-based PSCs are hindered by the toxicity of Pb in their structures. Consequently, researchers have explored germanium (Ge) and tin (Sn) halide perovskite materials for the development of Pb-free PSCs (LFPSCs). The past few years have seen rapid advancements in the numerical simulation of LFPSCs using SCAPS software. These simulation studies are crucial for developing PSCs with enhanced performance. This mini-review article summarizes the recent progress in the simulation of tin-based LFPSCs. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.