Accumulation, processing, and destruction of waste: environmental toxicities, levels, and assessment method

Abstract

The surge in global population, rapid modernization, and widespread industrialization are key drivers of increased solid and hazardous waste production. Urban municipalities face growing challenges in managing waste responsibly. Irresponsible practices such as open dumping worsen ecological impacts, altering soil and water near dumpsites. Inadequate waste management poses serious health risks, causing issues such as plague, gastrointestinal problems, skin infections, cancer, and even fatalities. Preserving human well-being within the environment remains paramount. Disposing of hazardous waste is uniquely challenging due to its ignitability, corrosiveness, reactivity, and toxicity. Conventional methods struggle to handle it effectively. This chapter comprehensively examines the consequences of mismanaging solid and hazardous waste on soil, water, and human health. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.