Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells: Fundamentals, Fabrication, and Future Prospective

Abstract

Although perovskite solar cells having methyl ammonium lead halide perovskite visible light sensitizer achieved an excellent efficiency of 25% which is close to theoretical efficiency, the simple fabrication procedure and excellent performance of the perovskite solar cells make it most a promising photovoltaic device compared to the other solar cells. However, some major problems have been observed in the perovskite solar cells which are the presence of toxic metal (Pb) and its hygroscopic nature which resulted in poor stability in air. Thus, in last 5 years, research on the development or finding of Pb-free perovskite structures has been accelerated by various research groups around the world. Therefore, Pb has been replaced by other nontoxin or less toxic metal like Sn, Bi, Sb, and Cu. Different architectures of Pb-free perovskite solar cells have been developed to enhance the performance and efficiency of these photovoltaic devices. In this chapter, the origin of different Pb-free perovskite structures-assisted perovskite solar cells, fabrication, challenges, and future prospective of Pb-free perovskite solar cells have been described. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights are reserved.