Water policy review: Ensuring sustainable water management for India

Abstract

Water policy legislation is pivotal in shaping water management in countries like India, focusing on clean drinking water and sanitation. Challenges of aging infrastructure, pollution, climate change, and resource limitations persist. Sustainable water management and international cooperation can address these issues. India's Water Policy Act incorporates innovative mechanisms for sustainable water management. Approaches like smart water grids, pricing mechanisms, decentralized wastewater treatment, rainwater harvesting, and community engagement secure clean water. These measures address water scarcity, pollution, and resource challenges. Progress varies by region, reflecting distinct challenges. Sharing successful practices and enhancing governance are vital for global and India-specific water management. This research reviews India's water scarcity, stress, demand, and policy, emphasizing reform mechanisms for conservation and development. Assessing resources against projected populations indicates potential scarcity in 12 river basins by 2050. Integrated approaches involving stakeholders, technology, data, and alignment with sustainable goals are crucial for equitable water management in India. © 2025