Political under-representation and socio-economic marginalisation of Muslims in India

Abstract

Present study aims to discuss political under-representation and socio-economic marginalisation of Indian Muslims–the largest religious minority of India. This study also examines the constitutional rights of Muslim minority as enshrined in the Constitution of India and failure of the elected governments to implement these rights. The study also reveals that throughout the political history of India, Muslims have remained under-represented in politics at national level, which has frequently resulted in policy biases against them. Besides, government institutions established for the welfare of Muslims and other minorities have also not performed effectively for addressing their socio-economic marginalisation and other issues. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.