Deciphering the puzzle: Exploring the etiology of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures

Abstract

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are such class of pseudo-neurological disorder which finds home nowhere whether its psychology, neurology or psychiatry and thus always a state of confusion continues among PNES patients that where to seek for assistance, though patients with PNES are first reported in neurology department because it mimics epileptic seizures. The main reason behind PNES is psychological turmoil but recent studies have come up with biological and social aspects also. Therefore, till today debate behind PNES's etiology persist. Thus, in this report we done an educational review of etiology of PNES briefly considering all three aspects i.e. psychological, biological and social ensuring an eclectic professional help to devise any diagnostic and management plan for PNES patients. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.