Investigation of the structural, multiferroic, and dielectric properties of modified BaTiO3

Abstract

Magnetoelectric (ME) and multiferroic materials are essential for developing next-generation, novel, multifunctional devices. Hence, these are high-priority ferroic research materials. To date, extensive research has been conducted on magnetic and electric ordering and their coupling. Various materials and coupling mechanisms have been explored for ME coupling [1-2]. BaTiO3 (BTO) is a well-known ferroelectric (FE) material. BTO can be chemically modified to impart ferromagnetism (FM) to the crystal structure and develop magnetoelectric properties in the material. Transition metal (TM) doping at the Ti site is an effective method to achieve BTO-based magnetoelectric materials [3,4]. Some examples of the solid solutions of BTO with magnetic (ABO3) perovskite materials that demonstrate ME coupling are BaTiO3-BiFeO3 [5], BaTiO3–La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 [6], Mn- and Co-modified BaTiO3–BiFeO3 [7], etc. Apart from doping magnetic ions and solid solutions, composites with ferromagnetic materials [8], core-shell structures with magnetic materials [9], and heterojunction thin films of BTO with ferromagnetic films [10] facilitate ME coupling. Excellent ME coupling was observed in most of these materials, prompting exploration of their physical properties and utilisation in industrial applications.