Plausible impact of dissipative forces on QGP evolution in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the LHC

Abstract

Understanding the space time evolution of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) is essential for interpreting experimental data from the relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The space time evolution dynamics determines the life time of the QGP and hence the strength of the QGP signals. This study investigates the QGP dynamics under the combined effect of vorticity, viscosity, and magnetic fields using second-order relativistic viscous hydrodynamics. A unified framework is employed to analyze their interplay and contrast the dissipative evolution with the ideal (non-dissipative) case. Results indicate that QGP evolution is highly sensitive to initial conditions, and with the coupling between vorticity, viscosity, and magnetic field, the cooling rate significantly decreases and leads to an extended lifetime for QGP. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.