Optimization of sustainable construction materials for industrial applications

Abstract

The last century has witnessed an unprecedented growth in infrastructure. The infrastructural development, while essential for civilization, presents an increasing threat to the environment. The construction industry became the highest consumer of natural resources at the beginning of the 21st century (>35.9%) [1]. The construction industry is also responsible for 6% of global energy use and 11% of global carbon emissions [7]. Recognizing the associated environmental concerns, there has been a growing interest towards introducing sustainability in the construction industry. 1.1. Understanding sustainability The interpretation of the word ‘sustainability’ has evolved over the years. The 1987 United Nations report titled “Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future” defined sustainable development as a state that “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” [8]. This definition of sustainable development served as the foundation for modern interpretations of sustainability. Initially, sustainability was defined in terms of environment and technical dimensions4 [8].