Synthesis characterization and theoretical modeling of solar cell and materials

Abstract

The present work focuses on one of the most important external parameter of the solar cell the open-circuit voltage(𝑉𝑜𝑐), It is confirmed by performing simulations on various single junction photovoltaic technologies such as homojunction solar cells based on GaAs and Ge absorber material, heterojunction solar cells based on CdTe absorber material, perovskite solar cells based on CsGeI3 absorber material, that the open-circuit voltage(𝑉𝑜𝑐) is determined by the extent to which the quasi-fermi level 𝐸𝐹𝑛 and 𝐸𝐹𝑝 are able to split. The splitting of the quasi-fermi level is limited by the recombination mechanism due to the presence of the defect in the solar cell, which leads to a deficit in open-circuit voltage which is reflected in terms of the Urbach energy (𝐸𝑈), However, the exact explicit quantitative analysis is not available yet so by using numerical simulation methodology on thin-film CdTe photovoltaic (PV) solar cell we picturize the effect of the Urbach energy (𝐸𝑈) in the open-circuit voltage(𝑉𝑜𝑐), and observe the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell. which makes the strong argument that Urbach energy (𝐸𝑈) become an important diagnostic parameter to study the loss mechanism associated with the solar cell.