Effect of input parameters and compositional dependency on tribo-mechanical properties of SS316L-IN625 alloy fabricated by dual wire WAAM-TIG

Abstract

The presented experimental research fabricates the SS316L-IN625 hybrid alloy by dual wire WAAM-TIG (wire arc additive manufacturing utilising tungsten inert gas) to achieve composition-specific tribo-mechanical properties. The analysis was performed based on the effect of input parameters, such as current, deposition speed, and composition, on the deposited wall geometry, and yielded mechanical and tribological characteristics. From EDX, XRD and SEM micro analysis, it was found that the dual wire WAAM-TIG technology is capable of uniform alloying of SS316L-IN625 by controlling the mass flow rate of individual materials, within the range of input process parameters. The bed width and height were found to be solely dependent on current and deposition speed. However, the tribo-mechanical characteristics, such as indentation and scratch hardness, coefficient of friction (CoF) and specific wear rate, were governed by the specific composition. Tailoring the materials composition and input parameters enables the control of performance to fabricate application-specific alloys. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Materials Research Society 2026.