Network as (0,1)- embedded system aka unweighted adjacency matrix

Abstract

Quest of humans to understand things around them is as old as the human itself. In doing so, the human has tried to understand the complicated phenomena and things in term of smaller and known subparts. The example, in various civilizations, it can be found that five fundamental elements make all the things around us and that we need divine force to join them in some combination to get everything. This five fundamental theory concept has gone through many scrutinies, and modifications and ultimately leading to the Mendeleev’s periodic table of elements and the force needed to join them has become the electromagnetic force. Similarly, to understand heavenly bodies, various models have been given from earth-centric to helio-centric, and the present-day universe model does not provide any preference for any location or direction in it and is homogeneous and isotropic, while the Gravitational force holds them together.Nevertheless, how gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, and weak forces together give rise to the world around us, is understood to a great length, that is, standard model. However, there are many things still around us to be explored and researched. Like, how the group of a single atom is still a matter of research, that is, properties as a function of atom number in a group of atoms and are studied separately in atomic physics, nano-particle physics, condensed matter physics. It is clear here that the number of interacting partners changes can also change the overall output behavior of systems. It can be seen that such a long search has helped us to live in the present age of science and technology.There are many other systems, natural and human-made, which need a new set of tools and studies. One such elusive system is a group of sentinel beings. Stand for one day at any busy crossing, and you will find that some people are walking, some use personal vehicles to commute, and some are using public orprivate transport for travel. In any human community, few people are known and appreciated by many (or sometimes by nearly all), while a vast majority remains to be identified and interact with a tiny group of people around them. Nowadays, we can easily find this on facebook, twitter, that few celebrities have millions of followers, and a majority have friends and followers in hundreds or thousands. Also, synchronized on-off behavior of Firefly observed at night. North India blackouts on 30-31July, 2012 due to power-distribution failure to curb the excess rise in demand for electricity caused by extreme heat and late monsoon in summer and how few healthy people became cancer patients? All these examples have interacting units but with a range of interacting partners and hence making the output behaviors not so visible to predict.....